Parental Risk Factors and Child Birth Data in a Matched Year and Sex Group Cleft Population: A Case-Control Study

Inês Francisco, Francisco Caramelo, Maria Helena Fernandes and Francisco Vale
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Inês Francisco: Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
Francisco Caramelo: Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research of Coimbra (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
Maria Helena Fernandes: Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
Francisco Vale: Institute of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-9

Abstract: (1) Background: The etiology of orofacial cleft (OC) is not completely known but several genetic and environmental risk factors have been identified. Moreover, a knowledge gap still persists regarding neonatal characteristics. This study evaluated the effect of parental age and mothers’ body mass index on the risk of having an OC child, in a matched year and sex group (cleft/healthy control). Additionally, birth data were analyzed between groups. (2) Methods: 266 individuals born between 1995 to 2015 were evaluated: 133 OC individuals (85 males/48 females) and 133 control (85 males/48 females). A logistic model was used for the independent variables. ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparison between the OC phenotypes. (3) Results: Regarding statistically significant parental related factors, the probability of having a cleft child decreases for each maternal year increase (odds ratio = 0.903) and increases for each body mass index unit (kg/m 2 ) increase (odds ratio = 1.14). On the child data birth, for each mass unit (kg) increase, the probability of having a cleft child decrease (odds ratio = 0.435). (4) Conclusions: In this study, only maternal body mass index and maternal age found statistical differences in the risk of having a cleft child. In the children’s initial data, the cleft group found a higher risk of having a lower birth weight but no relation was found regarding length and head circumference.

Keywords: cleft palate; cleft lip; environmental risk factors; parental age; body mass index; child birth data (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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