Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Non-School Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Adiposity among Boys and Girls: An Isotemporal Substitution Approach

Kelsey L. McAlister, Jennifer Zink, Daniel Chu, Britni R. Belcher and Genevieve F. Dunton
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Kelsey L. McAlister: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
Jennifer Zink: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
Daniel Chu: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
Britni R. Belcher: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
Genevieve F. Dunton: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-15

Abstract: This study investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of the substitution of non-school time light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time (ST) with adiposity in boys and girls. Boys ( n = 65, baseline M age= 9.93 ± 0.86 years) and girls ( n = 77, baseline M age = 10.17 ± 0.95 years) wore waist-worn accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X) at baseline and at a 30-month follow-up, from which non-school time LPA, MVPA, ST, and total device wear were quantified. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height-ratio (WHR) were measured at baseline and follow-up. Body fat percent (BF%) was obtained at follow-up only. Isotemporal substitution models assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of reallocating non-school time activity with BMI, WHR and BF%. In boys, replacing 30 min/day of LPA with MVPA was cross-sectionally (? = ?8.26, p < 0.05) associated with a lower BF%. Replacing 30 min/day of ST with MVPA was cross-sectionally (? = ?6.02, p < 0.05) associated with a lower BF% in boys. Longitudinally in boys, replacing 30 min of change in LPA with MVPA (? = ?7.42, p < 0.10) and replacing 30 min of change in MVPA with ST (? = 5.78, p < 0.10) over 30 months was marginally associated with less BF%. Associations were null in girls ( p > 0.05). These results may support targeting activity reallocation during non-school time for the purposes of adiposity improvement in boys. A multi-behavioral approach may be more appropriate for girls, as non-school time activity may not be driving adiposity status.

Keywords: reallocation; obesity; youth; sex differences; accelerometry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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