Human Adenovirus Molecular Characterization in Various Water Environments and Seasonal Impacts in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Islam Nour, Atif Hanif, Adel M. Zakri, Ibrahim Al-Ashkar, Abdulkarim Alhetheel and Saleh Eifan
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Islam Nour: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Atif Hanif: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Adel M. Zakri: Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Ibrahim Al-Ashkar: Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abdulkarim Alhetheel: Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Saleh Eifan: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-11

Abstract: The regular monitoring of water environments is essential for preventing waterborne virus-mediated contamination and mitigating health concerns. We aimed to detect human adenovirus (HAdV) in the Wadi Hanifah (WH) and Wadi Namar (WN) lakes, King Saud University wastewater treatment plant (KSU-WWTP), Manfouha-WWTP, irrigation water (IW), and AnNazim landfill (ANLF) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HAdV hexon sequences were analyzed against 71 HAdV prototypes and investigated for seasonal influence. ANLF had the highest HAdV prevalence (83.3%). Remarkably, the F species of HAdV, especially serotype 41, predominated. Daily temperature ranges (22–45 °C and 10–33 °C) influenced the significance of the differences between the locations. The most significant relationship of ANLF and IW to WH and KSU-WWTP was found at the high-temperature range ( p = 0.001). Meanwhile, WN was most correlated to ANLF at the low-temperature range ( p < 0.0001). Seasonal influences on HAdV prevalence were insignificant despite HAdV’s high prevalence in autumn and winter months, favoring low temperatures (high: 22–25 °C, low: 14–17 °C) at five out of six locations. Our study provides insightful information on HAdV prevalence and the circulating strains that can address the knowledge gap in the environmental impacts of viruses and help control viral diseases in public health management.

Keywords: human adenovirus; waterborne; type 41; prevalence; seasonality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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