The Use of Dietary Supplements in Fitness Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Observation Study

Massimiliano Mazzilli, Filippo Macaluso, Stefano Zambelli, Pietro Picerno and Enzo Iuliano
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Massimiliano Mazzilli: Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Filippo Macaluso: Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Stefano Zambelli: Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Pietro Picerno: Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Enzo Iuliano: Faculty of Psychology, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 18, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of use of dietary supplements (DSs) among gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. Furthermore, this study aimed to verify whether differences existed in the prevalence and in the types of DSs used in both gym users and gym instructors involved in body shaping-oriented fitness competitions vs. those not involved in fitness competitions. A survey was distributed to 316 participants, composed of 89 gym instructors and 227 gym users of both genders aged 27.3 ± 7.7. Among these participants, 52 were involved in competitions and 248 were not, while 16 participants did not specify either way. The results showed a high prevalence in the use of DSs in the population considered, with 85.4% of the participants declaring they used DSs, with high heterogeneity in the numbers and in the combinations used. No differences were found between gym instructors and gym users, or between participants involved and those not involved in competitions. The results indicate that DSs are widely used by persons involved in body shaping-oriented fitness training. The results also suggest that the majority of the participants decided individually which DSs to use.

Keywords: dietary supplements; physical fitness; gyms; food supplements; body shaping; exercise (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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