Incidence and Risk Factors for Progression to Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Min Kyung Hyun, Jong Heon Park, Kyoung Hoon Kim, Soon-Ki Ahn and Seon Mi Ji
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Min Kyung Hyun: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
Jong Heon Park: National Health Insurance Service, Wonju 26464, Korea
Kyoung Hoon Kim: Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, Wonju 26465, Korea
Soon-Ki Ahn: Public Health and Medical Services Office, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
Seon Mi Ji: National Health Insurance Service, Wonju 26464, Korea

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 19, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: (1) Objective: This study examined the incidence and risk factors contributing to the progression to diabetes mellitus (DM) in a seven-year follow-up study of non-diabetic National Health Examinees. (2) Methods: For this retrospective observational cohort study, we used two national representative databases: the National Health Screening (HEALS) database 2009 and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database 2009–2015. The eligible subjects without DM with blood sugar levels of <126 mg/dL were selected using the HEALS database. The subsequent follow-up and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the NHIS database. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to examine the effects of the covariates on progression to diabetes. (3) Results: Among those who took part in the national health screening in 2009, 4,205,006 subjects who met the eligibility criteria were selected. Of these, 587,015 were diagnosed with DM during the follow-up by 2015. The incidence of progression from non-diabetes to DM was 14.0%, whereas that from impaired fasting glucose (IFG) to DM was 21.9%. Compared to the normal group, the newly diagnosed DM group was more likely to comprise older, female, currently smoking, and high-risk drinking participants and participants with IFG, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. (4) Conclusions: This epidemiological study in the Republic of Korea found risk factors similar to those of other studies, but the incidence of progression to DM was 22.8 per 1000 person-years, which is higher than that previously reported. Hence, more care is needed to prevent DM.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; impaired fasting glucose; incidence; risk factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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