Risk of Glaucoma Associated with Components of Metabolic Disease in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Ya-Wen Chang, Fung-Chang Sung, Ya-Ling Tzeng, Chih-Hsin Mou, Peng-Tai Tien, Cheng-Wen Su and Yu-Kuei Teng
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Ya-Wen Chang: School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
Fung-Chang Sung: Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
Ya-Ling Tzeng: School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
Chih-Hsin Mou: Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
Peng-Tai Tien: Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
Cheng-Wen Su: Department of Ophthalmology, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
Yu-Kuei Teng: School of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2021, vol. 19, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Purpose: This retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the glaucoma risk associated with metabolic disease (MetD) using insurance claims data of Taiwan. Methods: From the database, we identified patients with newly diagnosed hypertension, diabetes and/or hyperlipidemia from the years 2000 to 2002 as the MetD cohort (N = 42,036) and an age-gender-diagnosis-date matched control cohort without MetD with a two-fold sample size than that of the MetD cohort. Both cohorts were followed until the development of glaucoma, death, or withdrawal, until 31 December 2013. The incidence of glaucoma, and the Cox method estimated hazard ratio (HR) of glaucoma were calculated. Results showed that the incidence of glaucoma was two-fold higher in the MetD cohort than in the controls (1.99 versus 0.99 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted HR of 1.66 (95% CI: 1.50–1.85). The glaucoma incidence was higher in patients with diabetes than those with hypertension and hyperlipidemia (2.38 versus 1.95 and 1.72 per 1000 person-years, respectively). The incidence increased to 5.67 per 1000 person-years in patients with all three comorbidities, with an aHR of 4.95 (95% CI: 2.35–10.40). We also found higher incidence rates of primary open-angle glaucoma and primary angle-closure glaucoma with aHRs of 2.03 and 1.44, respectively. It was concluded that glaucoma risk increased with the number of MetD. Health providers need to monitor patients with MetD to prevent glaucoma.

Keywords: glaucoma; metabolic disease; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; hyperlipidaemia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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