Anatomical Classification for Plantaris Tendon Insertion and Its Clinical Implications: A Cadaveric Study

Jeong-Hyun Park, Jaeho Cho, Digud Kim, Hyung-Wook Kwon, Mijeong Lee, Yu-Jin Choi, Kwan Hyun Yoon and Kwang-Rak Park
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Jeong-Hyun Park: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Jaeho Cho: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Korea
Digud Kim: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Hyung-Wook Kwon: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Mijeong Lee: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Yu-Jin Choi: Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
Kwan Hyun Yoon: Division in Biomedical Art, Incheon Catholic University Graduate School, Incheon 21987, Korea
Kwang-Rak Park: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 10, 1-9

Abstract: The purposes of this study were to ascertain the morphological characteristics of a plantaris tendon (PT) insertion using a larger-scale dissection of Korean cadavers and to classify the types of PT insertion related to the calcaneal tendon (CT). A total of 108 feet from adult formalin-fixed cadavers (34 males, 20 females) were dissected. The morphological characteristics and measurements of the PT insertion were evaluated. Five types of PT insertion were classified, wherein the most common type was Type 1 (39 feet, 63.1%). Type 2 and Type 3 were similar, with 16 feet (14.8%) and 15 feet (13.9%), respectively. Type 4 (6 feet, 5.6%) was the rarest type, and Type 5 had 25 feet (23.1%). The case of an absent PT was noted in 7 feet (6.5%). In the proximal portion, the tendon had a thick and narrow shape, became thin and wide in the middle portion, and then changed to thick and narrow again just before the insertion into the calcaneal tuberosity. This study confirmed the five types according to the location of the PT and the area of its insertion-related CT. The morphology of the PT insertion may be anatomically likely to influence the occurrence of tendinopathy in the CT.

Keywords: clinical anatomy; anatomical variation; classification; plantaris tendon; Achilles tendinopathy; cadaveric study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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