Clinical and Socio-Demographic Variables Associated with the Diagnosis of Long COVID Syndrome in Youth: A Population-Based Study

Eugene Merzon, Margaret Weiss, Beth Krone, Shira Cohen, Gili Ilani, Shlomo Vinker, Avivit Cohen-Golan, Ilan Green, Ariel Israel, Tzipporah Schneider, Shai Ashkenazi, Abraham Weizman and Iris Manor
Additional contact information
Eugene Merzon: Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel
Margaret Weiss: Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Beth Krone: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Shira Cohen: ADHD Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
Gili Ilani: Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
Shlomo Vinker: Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel
Avivit Cohen-Golan: Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel
Ilan Green: Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel
Ariel Israel: Leumit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6473817, Israel
Tzipporah Schneider: Clalit Health Services, Bnei Brak 5111501, Israel
Shai Ashkenazi: Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4076414, Israel
Abraham Weizman: ADHD Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
Iris Manor: ADHD Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 10, 1-11

Abstract: This study examines the demographic, clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with diagnosis of long COVID syndrome (LCS). Data of 20,601 COVID-19-positive children aged 5 to 18 years were collected between 2020 and 2021 in an Israeli database. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the adjusted odds ratio for the characteristics of the COVID-19 infection and pre-COVID-19 morbidities. Children with LCS were significantly more likely to have been severely symptomatic, required hospitalization, and experienced recurrent acute infection within 180 days. In addition, children with LCS were significantly more likely to have had ADHD, chronic urticaria, and allergic rhinitis. Diagnosis of LCS is significantly associated with pre-COVID-19 ADHD diagnosis, suggesting clinicians treating ADHD children who become infected with COVID-19 remain vigilant for the possibility of LCS. Although the risk of severe COVID-19 infection and LCS in children is low, further research on possible morbidity related to LCS in children is needed.

Keywords: long COVID; ADHD; COVID-19; morbidity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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