Hardness-Dependent Water Quality Criteria for Protection of Freshwater Aquatic Organisms for Silver in China

Qi Jin, Chenglian Feng, Peng Xia and Yingchen Bai
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Qi Jin: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Chenglian Feng: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Peng Xia: School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Yingchen Bai: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 10, 1-12

Abstract: Silver is toxic to freshwater aquatic organisms and aquatic ecosystems, and it is necessary to develop regional water quality criteria (WQC) for silver to protect the freshwater aquatic organisms in China. The toxicity database of silver for freshwater aquatic organisms involved 121 acute toxicity values for 35 species (6 phyla and 27 families) and 15 chronic toxicity values for 4 species (2 phyla and 4 families). Teleost fish showed the most sensitivity to silver after both short-term and long-term exposure. Significant correlations between the natural logarithms of hardness and the natural logarithms of acute silver toxicity were found for Daphnia magna , Oncorhynchus mykiss , and Pimephales promelas . The criterion maximum concentration (CMC) was calculated by the species sensitivity distribution method with sigmoid as the best fitting model (Adj R 2 0.9797), and the criterion continuous concentration (CCC) was obtained by the acute-to-chronic ratio method. The CMC and CCC of silver were e 1.58 ln ( H CaCO 3 ) − 8.68 , and e 1.58 ln ( H CaCO 3 ) − 10.28 respectively, in China, with water hardness ( H CaCO 3 , mg/L) as an independent variable. This research can provide a basis and reference for the management of silver to protect freshwater aquatic organisms in China.

Keywords: silver; water hardness; water quality criteria; species sensitivity distribution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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