Is There Risk Compensation among HIV Infected Youth and Adults 15 Years and Older on Antiretroviral Treatment in South Africa? Findings from the 2017 National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour and Communication Survey

Nompumelelo Zungu, Musawenkosi Mabaso, Shandir Ramlagan, Leickness Simbayi, Sizulu Moyo, Olive Shisana, Pelagia Murangandi, Ehimario Igumbor, Salome Sigida, Sean Jooste, Edmore Marinda, Kassahun Ayalew and Khangelani Zuma
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Nompumelelo Zungu: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Musawenkosi Mabaso: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Shandir Ramlagan: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Leickness Simbayi: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Sizulu Moyo: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Olive Shisana: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
Pelagia Murangandi: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV & TB, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Ehimario Igumbor: School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
Salome Sigida: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Sean Jooste: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Edmore Marinda: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
Kassahun Ayalew: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global HIV & TB, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Khangelani Zuma: Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 10, 1-16

Abstract: In this paper, risk compensation among individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART), using the 2017 South African national survey on HIV, is explored. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling approach was used to realize 11,130 participants 15 years and older. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association between multiple sexual partners, condom use at last sexual encounter, consistency of condom usage and potential explanatory variables using HIV status and ART exposure as a mediator variable. HIV positive participants who were aware and on ART were less likely to have multiple sexual partners, and less likely not to use a condom at last sex compared to HIV positive participants who were aware but not on ART. The odds of reporting multiple sexual partners were significantly lower among older age groups, females, non-Black Africans, and rural settings, and higher among those with tertiary level education, and risky alcohol users. The odds of no condom use at last sexual encounter were more likely among older age groups, females, other race groups, and less likely among those with secondary level education. The odds of inconsistent condom use were more likely among older age groups, females, and other race groups, and less likely among those with tertiary level education, high risk and hazardous alcohol users. Risk compensation is not apparent among HIV infected adults who are on ART. Risk groups that should receive tailored interventions to reduced risky sexual behaviours were identified.

Keywords: HIV; risk compensation; ART; sexual behaviour; South Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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