Metabolic-Syndrome-Related Comorbidities in Narcolepsy Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

Kunihiro Futenma, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Masaki Nakamura, Kenichi Hayashida, Noboru Takeuchi and Yuichi Inoue
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Kunihiro Futenma: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207, Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
Yoshikazu Takaesu: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207, Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
Masaki Nakamura: Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
Kenichi Hayashida: Sleep Support Clinic, Miranbeena 1F, 1-18-8 Higashioi, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 140-0011, Japan
Noboru Takeuchi: Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
Yuichi Inoue: Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 5-10-10, Yoyogi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 10, 1-11

Abstract: Narcolepsy types 1 (NT1) and 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) are thought to be a disease continuum known as narcolepsy spectrum disorders (NSDs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with metabolic-syndrome-related disorders (MRDs) among patients with NSD. Japanese patients with NSD (NT1, n = 94; NT2, n = 83; and IH, n = 57) aged ≥35 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. MRD was defined as having at least one of the following conditions: hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. Demographic variables and MRD incidence were compared among patients in the respective NSD categories. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors associated with MRDs. Patients with NT1 had a higher body mass index (BMI) and incidence of MRD than that had by those with NT2 or IH. Age, BMI, and the presence of OSA were significantly associated with the incidence of MRD in NSDs. Age and BMI in NT1, BMI and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1*06:02 positivity in NT2, and only age in IH were factors associated with the incidence of MRD. Obesity should be carefully monitored in narcolepsy; however, NT2 with HLA-DQB1*06:02 positive should be followed up for the development of MRD even without obesity.

Keywords: narcolepsy spectrum disorders; narcolepsy type 2; metabolic syndrome; orexin; HLA-DQB1*06:02; obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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