First Report of an Asymptomatic Leishmania (Viannia) shawi Infection Using a Nasal Swab in Amazon, Brazil

Luciana P. Oliveira, Luciana C. S. Nascimento, Fabiola S. Santos, Jaqueline L. C. Takamatsu, Luiz R. P. Sanchez, Walter S. Santos and Lourdes M. Garcez
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Luciana P. Oliveira: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil
Luciana C. S. Nascimento: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil
Fabiola S. Santos: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil
Jaqueline L. C. Takamatsu: Hospital Municipal de Tomé Açu, Tomé-Açu 68680-000, PA, Brazil
Luiz R. P. Sanchez: Hospital Municipal de Tomé Açu, Tomé-Açu 68680-000, PA, Brazil
Walter S. Santos: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil
Lourdes M. Garcez: Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 10, 1-10

Abstract: The state of Pará has recorded seven Leishmania species that cause tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Leishmania species induce distinct immunological responses from the host and exhibit resistance to Glucantime, the first-line drug treatment for TL in Brazil. Objective: Identify the etiology of TL in an Amazonian city in the state of Pará. Material and methods: Eleven patients with TL were recruited and nasal swabs, lesion swabs, and skin fragments samples were collected. In the control group (n = 6), only the nasal swabs were collected. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the gene region hsp70-234 was performed using the extracted DNA from the samples, from which nine patients with TL and five in the control group were positive. Products were sequenced, mounted in CAP3 software, aligned using MAFFT v.7.221, edited in Geneious software v.8.1.7, and compared and aligned with sequences available in GenBank using the BLAST tool. Results: For patients with TL, six molecular diagnosis at the species level ( L. ( Viannia ) braziliensis (n = 5/9), L. ( Viannia ) shawi (n = 1/9)) and three at the genus level ( Leishmania sp. (n = 3/9)) were obtained. In the control group, four individuals were infected with Leishmania sp. (n = 4/5) and L. (V.) shawi (n = 1/5). Conclusion: This is the first report of L. (V.) shawi infection in the mucosal secretion of a healthy person in Brazil. Moreover, genetic variants were identified in the haplotypes of L. (V.) braziliensis in the gene sequence hsp70-234.

Keywords: cutaneous leishmaniasis; epidemiology; cotton swab; etiology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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