The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women’s Feelings during a Hospital Stay

Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda, Grzegorz Bejda, Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak, Anna Ślifirczyk, Joanna Chilińska, Alicja Moczydłowska, Napoleon Waszkiewicz and Marek Sobolewski
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Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland
Grzegorz Bejda: Faculty of General Medicine, School of Medical Science in Bialystok, 15-875 Bialystok, Poland
Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak: Department of Integrated Medical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Białystok, 15-096 Białystok, Poland
Anna Ślifirczyk: Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
Joanna Chilińska: Faculty of Health Science, Łomża State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Łomża, Poland
Alicja Moczydłowska: Academy of Agrobusiness in Lomza, The Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Napoleon Waszkiewicz: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland
Marek Sobolewski: Department of Quantitative Methods, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 11, 1-14

Abstract: Introduction: The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) affected individuals and society and caused disruption, anxiety, stress, and loneliness. Being hospitalized during the pandemic increase a patient’s negative feelings. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ feelings (loneliness, depression, hope, self-efficacy) during a hospital stay. Materials and methods: This study included 207 women, aged from 15 to 83 years (55 ± 21.2) that were hospitalized during the pandemic in Białystok, Łomża, and Biała Podlaska, Poland at internal medicine departments. The main reasons for hospitalization were cardiovascular diseases, abdominal pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, diabetes, and unknown fever. Respondents were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Sense of Loneliness (the DJGLS), Depression Beck Inventory (BDI), Basic Hope (BHI-12), and Self-Efficacy (GSES). Results: Most of the studied group of women had an average sense of loneliness. A greater sense of loneliness was found among hospitalized women living in the countryside—the lowest sense of loneliness and depression was among women with higher education and the highest sense of effectiveness. One-third of respondents had a moderate degree of depression. Of the respondents, 39% had a relatively high level of basic hope. The assessment of self-efficacy demonstrated that 52% of the respondents showed a high sense of self-efficacy, an average sense of self-efficacy was shown by 35.5% of the respondents, and a low sense of self-efficacy was shown by 12.6% of the respondents. Conclusions: Numerous hospitalized women during the COVID-19 pandemic, despite experiencing moderate depression, had an average sense of loneliness and a high level of hope and self-efficacy.

Keywords: COVID-19; stress; hope; general self-efficacy; depression; women (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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