Cystidicola farionis, a Swim Bladder Parasite of European Smelt: Characterization of the Nematode Trehalose Strategy

Małgorzata Dmitryjuk, Magdalena Szczotko, Katarzyna Kubiak, Janina Dziekońska-Rynko, Joanna Cichocka, Piotr Hliwa and Katarzyna Mierzejewska
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Małgorzata Dmitryjuk: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Magdalena Szczotko: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Katarzyna Kubiak: Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland
Janina Dziekońska-Rynko: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Joanna Cichocka: XI High School, 10-444 Olsztyn, Poland
Piotr Hliwa: Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Katarzyna Mierzejewska: Department of Ichthyology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 11, 1-14

Abstract: The molecular identification of Cystidicola farionis (a swim bladder nematode of European smelt from the Vistula Lagoon in Poland) was performed. Their prevalence level was determined, and changes in the trehalose synthesis pathway in larvae and adult nematodes were demonstrated. The trehalose level was almost four times higher in adult nematodes than in larvae. In contrast, the activity of both enzymes (trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, TPS and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase, TPP) involved in the synthesis of trehalose was higher in larvae than in adults under optimal conditions. The optimum pH for TPS isolated from larvae and adults was pH 7.0. The optimum pH for TPP from larvae and adults was pH 7.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. The optimal temperature was 20 °C, and Mg 2+ ions were an activator for trehalose-synthetizing enzymes from both sources. Enzymes isolated from adult nematodes were less susceptible to divalent ion chelator and inorganic phosphate than larval enzymes. The dynamic transformation of trehalose in the nematode developing inside the swim bladder of the smelt appears to be an important metabolic pathway in the nematode survival strategy. These studies are aimed at a better understanding of the issue of the metabolic adaptation of parasites, which, in the future, may indirectly contribute to the elimination of the parasite from aquacultures, which will impact public health.

Keywords: parasite; Nematoda; Cystidicola farionis; Osmerus eperlanus; European smelt; trehalose; trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; TPS; trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; TPP (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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