Observational Variables for Considering a Switch from a Normal to a Dysphagia Diet among Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care: A One-Year Multicenter Longitudinal Study

Maaya Takeda, Yutaka Watanabe, Takae Matsushita, Kenshu Taira, Kazuhito Miura, Yuki Ohara, Masanori Iwasaki, Kayoko Ito, Junko Nakajima, Yasuyuki Iwasa, Masataka Itoda, Yasuhiro Nishi, Junichi Furuya, Yoshihiko Watanabe, George Umemoto, Masako Kishima, Hirohiko Hirano, Yuji Sato, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida and Yutaka Yamazaki
Additional contact information
Maaya Takeda: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
Yutaka Watanabe: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
Takae Matsushita: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
Kenshu Taira: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
Kazuhito Miura: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
Yuki Ohara: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
Masanori Iwasaki: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
Kayoko Ito: Oral Rehabilitation, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8520, Japan
Junko Nakajima: Department of Oral Medicine and Hospital Dentistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 272-8513, Japan
Yasuyuki Iwasa: Department of Dentistry, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 813-8588, Japan
Masataka Itoda: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka Dental University Hospital, Osaka 573-1144, Japan
Yasuhiro Nishi: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
Junichi Furuya: Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
Yoshihiko Watanabe: Department of Healthcare Management, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai 981-8522, Japan
George Umemoto: Swallowing Disorders Center, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
Masako Kishima: Wakakusa-Tatsuma Rehabilitation Hospital, Daito 574-0012, Japan
Hirohiko Hirano: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
Yuji Sato: Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan
Mitsuyoshi Yoshida: Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Dengakugakubo, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
Yutaka Yamazaki: Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 11, 1-13

Abstract: This one-year multicenter longitudinal study aimed to assess whether older adult residents of long-term care facilities should switch from a normal to a dysphagia diet. Using the results of our previous cross-sectional study as baseline, older adults were subdivided into those who maintained a normal diet and those who switched to a dysphagia diet. The explanatory variables were age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Barthel Index, clinical dementia rating (CDR), and 13 simple and 5 objective oral assessments (remaining teeth, functional teeth, oral diadochokinesis, modified water swallowing test, and repetitive saliva swallowing test), which were used in binomial logistic regression analysis. Between-group comparison showed a significantly different BMI, Barthel Index, and CDR. Significant differences were also observed in simple assessments for language, drooling, tongue movement, perioral muscle function, and rinsing and in objective assessments. In multi-level analysis, switching from a normal to a dysphagia diet was significantly associated with simple assessments of tongue movement, perioral muscle function, and rinsing and with the objective assessment of the number of functional teeth. The results suggest that simple assessments can be performed regularly to screen for early signs of discrepancies between food form and eating/swallowing functions, which could lead to the provision of more appropriate food forms.

Keywords: food form; eating/swallowing functions; dysphagia diet; long-term care facility; tongue movement; perioral muscle function; rinsing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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