Health Needs and Their Relationship with Life Expectancy in People with and without Intellectual Disabilities in England

Freya Tyrer, Richard Morriss, Reza Kiani, Satheesh K. Gangadharan, Harish Kundaje and Mark J. Rutherford
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Freya Tyrer: Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
Richard Morriss: Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
Reza Kiani: Leicestershire Learning Disability Services (Psychiatry), Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester LE4 8PQ, UK
Satheesh K. Gangadharan: Leicestershire Learning Disability Services (Psychiatry), Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester LE4 8PQ, UK
Harish Kundaje: Lakeside Healthcare, Cottingham Road, Corby NN17 2UR, UK
Mark J. Rutherford: Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 11, 1-12

Abstract: Health needs are common in people living with intellectual disabilities, but we do not know how they contribute to life expectancy. We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) linked with hospital/mortality data in England (2017–2019) to explore life expectancy among people with or without intellectual disabilities, indicated by the presence or absence, respectively, of: epilepsy; incontinence; severe visual loss; severe visual impairment; severe mobility difficulties; cerebral palsy and PEG feeding. Life expectancy and 95% confidence intervals were compared using flexible parametric methods. At baseline, 46.4% (total n = 7794) of individuals with intellectual disabilities compared with 9.7% (total n = 176,807) in the comparison group had ≥1 health need. Epilepsy was the most common health need (18.7% vs. 1.1%). All health needs except hearing impairment were associated with shorter life expectancy: PEG feeding and mobility difficulties were associated with the greatest loss in life years (65–68% and 41–44%, respectively). Differential life expectancy attenuated but remained (≈12% life years lost) even after restricting the population to those without health needs (additional years expected to live at 10 years: 65.5 [60.3, 71.1] vs. 74.3 [73.8, 74.7]). We conclude that health needs play a significant role but do not explain all of the differential life expectancy experienced by people with intellectual disabilities.

Keywords: intellectual disability; life expectancy; health needs; epilepsy; incontinence; visual; hearing; mobility; cerebral palsy; PEG feeding (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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