Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021

Ietza Bojorquez, René Leyva-Flores, César Rodríguez-Chávez, Carlos Hernández-Campos, Marcel Arévalo, Ricardo Cortés-Alcalá, Georgina Rodríguez-Elizondo, Sarah Ward, Rebecca Merrill, Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz, Dianne Escotto and Nirma D. Bustamante
Additional contact information
Ietza Bojorquez: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Km. 18.5 Carretera Escenica Tijuana-Ensenada, Tijuana 22506, Baja California, Mexico
René Leyva-Flores: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av. Universidad 655, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
César Rodríguez-Chávez: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Km. 18.5 Carretera Escenica Tijuana-Ensenada, Tijuana 22506, Baja California, Mexico
Carlos Hernández-Campos: El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Km. 18.5 Carretera Escenica Tijuana-Ensenada, Tijuana 22506, Baja California, Mexico
Marcel Arévalo: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales-Guatemala, 3A Calle 4-44 Zona 10, Guatemala City 01010, Guatemala
Ricardo Cortés-Alcalá: Secretaría de Salud, Lieja No. 7, Ciudad de Mexico 06600, Mexico
Georgina Rodríguez-Elizondo: Secretaría de Salud, Lieja No. 7, Ciudad de Mexico 06600, Mexico
Sarah Ward: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Rebecca Merrill: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
Dianne Escotto: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sierra Nevada 115, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico
Nirma D. Bustamante: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Sierra Nevada 115, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 11, 1-12

Abstract: Assessing COVID-19 vaccination uptake of transborder populations is critical for informing public health policies. We conducted a probability (time-venue) survey of adults crossing from Mexico into Guatemala from September to November 2021, with the objective of describing COVID-19 vaccination status, willingness to get vaccinated, and associated factors. The main outcomes were receipt of ?1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, being fully vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated. We assessed the association of outcomes with sociodemographic characteristics using logistic regressions. Of 6518 participants, 50.6% (95%CI 48.3,53.0) were vaccinated (at least one dose); 23.3% (95%CI 21.4,25.2) were unvaccinated but willing to get vaccinated, and 26.1% (95%CI 24.1,28.3) were unvaccinated and unwilling to get vaccinated. Those living in Mexico, independent of country of birth, had the highest proportion vaccinated. The main reason for unwillingness was fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (47.7%, 95%CI 43.6,51.9). Education level was positively associated with the odds of partial and full vaccination as well as willingness to get vaccinated. People identified as Catholic had higher odds of getting vaccinated and being fully vaccinated than members of other religious groups or the non-religious. Further studies should explore barriers to vaccination among those willing to get vaccinated and the motives of the unwilling.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccination; vaccine acceptance; social determinants; international borders; Mexico–Guatemala Border (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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