Alteration of Inflammatory Parameters and Psychological Post-Traumatic Syndrome in Long-COVID Patients

Irma Clemente, Gaia Sinatti, Antonio Cirella, Silvano Junior Santini and Clara Balsano
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Irma Clemente: Interdisciplinary BioMedical Group on Artificial Intelligence IBMAI, School of Emergency Medicine, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Gaia Sinatti: Interdisciplinary BioMedical Group on Artificial Intelligence IBMAI, School of Emergency Medicine, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Antonio Cirella: Interdisciplinary BioMedical Group on Artificial Intelligence IBMAI, School of Emergency Medicine, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Silvano Junior Santini: Interdisciplinary BioMedical Group on Artificial Intelligence IBMAI, School of Emergency Medicine, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Clara Balsano: Interdisciplinary BioMedical Group on Artificial Intelligence IBMAI, School of Emergency Medicine, Department MeSVA, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 12, 1-8

Abstract: The aim of our study is to evaluate the correlation between the psychological status of patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection (long-COVID patients) and their inflammatory status. Three months after hospital discharge, ninety-three patients were recruited and categorized into two distinct populations: control and long-COVID (COrona VIrus Disease) group. Patients belonging to the control group presented with an entering diagnosis of cardiovascular, metabolic, or respiratory disease and a negative history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas the long-COVID population presented with a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in the sub-intensive Care Unit. Psychological evaluation was performed through the administration of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL90) and LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), ferritin, CRPhs (C-high sensitivity Reactive Protein), NLR (Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), PLR (Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio), and SII (systemic immune-inflammation index) were investigated. We highlighted that beyond the first three months after contagion, patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection are characterized by the persistence of a systemic inflammatory state and are at high risk for developing somatization, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Interestingly, ferritin value was strongly correlated with sleep disorders ( p < 0.05). Our study emphasizes how COVID-19 strategies for risk stratification, prognosis, and therapy management of patients should be implemented with a psychological follow-up.

Keywords: long-COVID; SARS-CoV-2; post-traumatic syndrome; inflammatory parameters; psychopathology; SCL-90; COVID-19; ferritin; sleep disorder (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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