Occupational Branch and Labor Market Marginalization among Young Employees with Adult Onset of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder—A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

Katalin Gémes, Emma Björkenstam, Syed Rahman, Klas Gustafsson, Heidi Taipale, Antti Tanskanen, Lisa Ekselius, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz and Magnus Helgesson
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Katalin Gémes: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Emma Björkenstam: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Syed Rahman: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Klas Gustafsson: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Heidi Taipale: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Antti Tanskanen: Niuvanniemi Hospital, FI-70240 Kuopio, Finland
Lisa Ekselius: Department Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Magnus Helgesson: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 12, 1-12

Abstract: We compared labor market marginalization (LMM), conceptualized as days of unemployment, sickness absence and disability pension, across occupational branches (manufacturing, construction, trade, finance, health and social care, and education), among young employees with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examined whether sociodemographic and health-related factors explain these associations. All Swedish residents aged 19–29 years and employed between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2011 were eligible. Individuals with a first ADHD diagnosis ( n = 6030) were matched with ten controls and followed for five years. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to model days of LMM with adjustments for sociodemographic and health-related factors. In total, 20% of those with ADHD and 59% of those without had no days of LMM during the follow-up. The median of those with LMM days with and without ADHD was 312 and 98 days. Having an ADHD diagnosis was associated with a higher incidence of LMM days (incident rate ratios (IRRs) 2.7–3.1) with no differences across occupational branches. Adjustments for sociodemographic and health-related factors explained most of the differences (IRRs: 1.4–1.7). In conclusion, young, employed adults with ADHD had a higher incidence of LMM days than those without, but there were no substantial differences between branches, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors.

Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); labor market marginalization; sickness absence; unemployment; occupational branches; young adults (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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