Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head—Overview and Current State of the Art

Wojciech Konarski, Tomasz Poboży, Andrzej Śliwczyński, Ireneusz Kotela, Jan Krakowiak, Martyna Hordowicz and Andrzej Kotela
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Wojciech Konarski: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ciechanów Hospital, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland
Tomasz Poboży: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ciechanów Hospital, 06-400 Ciechanów, Poland
Andrzej Śliwczyński: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Social Medicine Institute, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
Ireneusz Kotela: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Central Research Hospital of Ministry of Interior, Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
Jan Krakowiak: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Social Medicine Institute, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
Martyna Hordowicz: General Psychiatry Unit III, Dr Barbara Borzym’s Independent Public Regional Psychiatric Health Care Center, 26-600 Radom, Poland
Andrzej Kotela: Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 12, 1-14

Abstract: Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is caused by disruption of the blood supply to the proximal femur. The alterations in the blood supply may occur following a traumatic event or result from a non-traumatic cause. Femoral neck fracture and hip dislocation and associated surgical procedures, corticosteroid therapy, and alcohol abuse frequently lead to AVN development. Type of fracture (displaced or undisplaced) and time between injury and surgery are the most critical factors in assessing the risk of developing AVN. Diagnosis of AVN can be established based on patients’ complaints, medical history, and radiographic findings. There is no consensus on the treatment of patients with AVN to date. Non-surgical methods are dedicated to patients in the early pre-collapse stages of the disease and consist of pharmacotherapy and physiotherapy. Surgery is recommended for patients with advanced disease.

Keywords: implants; avascular necrosis; femoral head; osteonecrosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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