Factors Associated with Anemia among Adults and the Elderly Family Farmers

Sílvia Oliveira Lopes, Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro, Dayane de Castro Morais, Elizangela da Silva Miguel, Laís Silveira Gusmão, Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini and Silvia Eloiza Priore
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Sílvia Oliveira Lopes: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
Dayane de Castro Morais: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
Elizangela da Silva Miguel: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
Laís Silveira Gusmão: Postgraduate Program in Memory: Language and Society, State University of Southwest Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45030-900, BA, Brazil
Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
Silvia Eloiza Priore: Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 12, 1-10

Abstract: The majority of studies on anemia are focused on children and women of reproductive age. Although the disease is a widespread public health problem, studies that include the rural population are scarce. This study determined the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in adults and the elderly living in the rural area of a municipality in Minas Gerais. Twelve rural communities were included. During home visits, hemoglobin levels were measured using a hemoglobinometer to check for the presence or absence of anemia. Additionally, anthropometric data and food insecurity data based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA) were collected. A questionnaire about socioeconomic, demographic, and housing conditions was applied. Analyses were performed using the Stata software version 13.0. Spearman correlation and regression analysis logistics were performed ( p < 0.05) on 124 families ( n = 297 farmers). The prevalence of anemia was 41.1%, being higher among women (55.7%). Additionally, 40.1% of the farmers were food insecure; 52.7% and 80.5% presented excess weight and cardiovascular risk, respectively. Poverty was a reality for 39.7% of individuals. A positive correlation between hemoglobin levels and per capita income was found as well as a negative correlation with EBIA scores and cardiovascular risk. Multivariate analysis showed that individuals experiencing food insecurity, the elderly, and those who do not own a property, were more likely to be anemic. Farmers with per capita income above 1/2 minimum wage were less likely to have anemia. The prevalence of anemia in the group studied was higher than previous studies. The disease is associated with factors that also predispose to food insecurity. The improvement of the determinants of insecurity can contribute to the fight against anemia.

Keywords: iron deficiency; hemoglobin; anemia; nutritional status; rural environment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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