The Involvement of Bangladeshi Girls and Women in Sex Work: Sex Trafficking, Victimhood, and Agency

Md. Nazmul Huda, Syeda Zakia Hossain, Tinashe Moira Dune, A. S. M. Amanullah and Andre M. N. Renzaho
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Md. Nazmul Huda: School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
Syeda Zakia Hossain: Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
Tinashe Moira Dune: School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
A. S. M. Amanullah: Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Andre M. N. Renzaho: Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 12, 1-15

Abstract: In Bangladesh, traffickers have trapped socially and economically marginalised girls and women and sold them into sex work. Furthermore, multiple sociocultural factors shape women’s forced and voluntary movement into sex work. However, there are limited peer-reviewed studies of how sex work operators and sociocultural and economic factors shape women’s forced and voluntary engagement in sex work in Bangladesh and worldwide. This study examines how sex work operators and various factors shape Bangladeshi women’s forced and voluntary involvement in sex work. This study used a qualitative approach by employing in-depth interviews with 10 female sex workers (FSWs) and 8 other stakeholders who work in a Bangladeshi brothel context. This study also used field notes to document how sex work operators and various factors shape women’s engagement in sex work. The interview transcripts and field notes were coded and analysed thematically. Participants’ accounts reveal two key themes about how sex work operators and sociocultural factors shape women’s engagement in sex work. Findings suggest that sex work operators (e.g., traffickers, pimps, madams, house owners) forced girls and women into sex work by putting them in situations in which they had limited power. Furthermore, various economic (poverty, limited employment opportunities) and sociocultural (rape, harassment, exploitation, divorce, limited support from family members and friends, feeling of disempowerment, desire to be autonomous) factors shaped their voluntary engagement in sex work by creating a condition of victimhood in which women felt limited agency and obligated to work for madams as bonded sex workers. However, some women supported by an FSW-led organisation had more agency than others to work and earn in the brothel area. We suggest three important strategies that are likely to benefit brothel-based women and their families, children, and the wider community.

Keywords: engagement; sex work; women and girls; factors; trafficking; agency; Bangladesh (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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