Viral Eco-Genomic Tools: Development and Implementation for Aquatic Biomonitoring

Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Abdou Kamal Allayeh, Hany Abdelfattah Elhady, Abozer Y. Eledrdery, Mobarak Abu Mraheil and Ahmed Mostafa
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Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab: Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Skaka 11564, Saudi Arabia
Abdou Kamal Allayeh: Water Pollution Department, Virology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
Hany Abdelfattah Elhady: Surgery Department, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka 11564, Saudi Arabia
Abozer Y. Eledrdery: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 11564, Saudi Arabia
Mobarak Abu Mraheil: German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
Ahmed Mostafa: Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 13, 1-20

Abstract: Enteric viruses (EVs) occurrence within aquatic environments varies and leads to significant risk on public health of humans, animals, and diversity of aquatic taxa. Early and efficacious recognition of cultivable and fastidious EVs in aquatic systems are important to ensure the sanitary level of aquatic water and implement required treatment strategies. Herein, we provided a comprehensive overview of the conventional and up-to-date eco-genomic tools for aquatic biomonitoring of EVs, aiming to develop better water pollution monitoring tools. In combination with bioinformatics techniques, genetic tools including cloning sequencing analysis, DNA microarray, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and metagenomic sequencing technologies are implemented to make informed decisions about the global burden of waterborne EVs-associated diseases. The data presented in this review are helpful to recommend that: (1) Each viral pollution detection method has its own merits and demerits; therefore, it would be advantageous for viral pollution evaluation to be integrated as a complementary platform. (2) The total viral genome pool extracted from aquatic environmental samples is a real reflection of pollution status of the aquatic eco-systems; therefore, it is recommended to conduct regular sampling through the year to establish an updated monitoring system for EVs, and quantify viral peak concentrations, viral typing, and genotyping. (3) Despite that conventional detection methods are cheaper, it is highly recommended to implement molecular-based technologies to complement aquatic ecosystems biomonitoring due to numerous advantages including high-throughput capability. (4) Continuous implementation of the eco-genetic detection tools for monitoring the EVs in aquatic ecosystems is recommended.

Keywords: enteric viruses; aquatic biomonitoring; eco-genomic tools; pollutants (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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