Have Health Inequalities Increased during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Evidence from Recent Years for Older European Union Citizens

Irene González Rodríguez, Marta Pascual Sáez and David Cantarero Prieto
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Irene González Rodríguez: Health Economics Research Group, Department of Economics, University of Cantabria and IDIVAL, Av. de los Castros s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain
Marta Pascual Sáez: Health Economics Research Group, Department of Economics, University of Cantabria and IDIVAL, Av. de los Castros s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain
David Cantarero Prieto: Health Economics Research Group, Department of Economics, University of Cantabria and IDIVAL, Av. de los Castros s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 13, 1-17

Abstract: Reducing inequality is one of the current challenges that most societies are facing. Our aim was to analyze the evolution of inequalities in self-assessed health among older Europeans in a time period spanning the 2008 economic crisis and the COVID-19 health crisis. We used data from Waves 2, 4 and 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. We used inequality indices that accept ordinal variables. Our empirical results suggest that average inequality declines over time. Gender significantly influences the results. Some of the countries with the highest level of inequality are Denmark and Sweden, and some with the lowest are Estonia and the Netherlands. Our results may be of interest for the development of public policies to reduce inequalities. Special attention should be paid to vulnerable groups, such as the elderly.

Keywords: health econometrics; health inequalities; self-assessed health (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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