Epidemiologic Implication of the Association between Herpes Simplex Virus Infection and the Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Case-Control Study in Taiwan

Shao-Chang Wang and Jung-Yu Liao
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Shao-Chang Wang: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
Jung-Yu Liao: Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 13, 1-13

Abstract: Enterovirus infection is a known risk factor for type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Whether infection with other viruses induces T1DM remains undetermined. This study investigated the association between human herpesvirus (HHV) infection and the development of T1DM, using the data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with T1DM and age- and sex-matched controls were included. Subjects with HHV infection were subgrouped into those with histories of varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus, and human cytomegalovirus infections. The odds ratio of the risk of T1DM was calculated using a multivariable conditional logistic regression model. Atopic diseases, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and history of enterovirus infection served as adjusted comorbidities. Our findings suggested a significant association between HSV infection and the risk of T1DM (adjusted odds ratio: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01–1.47, p = 0.048), while infection with other HHVs was not. The result of HSV infection remained significant when subjects were restricted to age ≤ 18 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08–1.70, p = 0.010). We found a history of HSV infection might be an independent predictive risk factor for T1DM. This could be potentially helpful to the practice in public health.

Keywords: herpes simplex virus; human herpesvirus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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