A Comparative Analysis of Public Hospital Pharmacy Systems in Norway and Pakistan: A Pilot Implementation of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists’ (ASHP) Guidelines

Bilal Hasan Hashmi and Adnan Kisa
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Bilal Hasan Hashmi: Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
Adnan Kisa: School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, 0152 Oslo, Norway

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 13, 1-13

Abstract: The objective of the study was to analyze and compare public hospital pharmacy practices in Pakistan and Norway. In addition, the study intended to identify the challenges to improving the public hospital pharmacy system and to propose recommendations that could help reform the practice to enhance patient safety and compliance. A cross-sectional study was conducted to understand public hospital pharmacies’ organizational structure and determine their practices in Norway and Pakistan. The results of the research showed differences in 11 main areas of the pharmacy systems of the sampled hospitals. When compared to Norway, the study found that the public hospital pharmacy system in Pakistan could be improved in nine main areas. The results show that hospital pharmacies in Pakistan could benefit from the experience of similar international structures in relation to universal standards and practices.

Keywords: Pakistan hospital pharmacy practice; Norwegian hospital pharmacy practice; hospital pharmacists (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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