Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Emanuel Missias Silva Palma, Anderson Reis de Sousa, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira, Wanderson Carneiro Moreira, Ana Caroline Monteiro de Araújo, Luiz Filipe Vieira Souza, Júlio Cézar Ramos dos Anjos, Hannah Souza de Almeida Portela, Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho, Vinícius de Oliveira Muniz, Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto, Éric Santos Almeida, Tilson Nunes Mota, Sélton Diniz dos Santos, Antônio Tiago da Silva Souza, Josielson Costa da Silva, Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim Almeida, Luciano Garcia Lourenção, Aline Macêdo de Queiroz, Edmar José Fortes Júnior, Magno Conceição das Merces, Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima, Francisca Michelle Duarte da Silva, Nadirlene Pereira Gomes, Maria Lúcia Silva Servo, Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho, Sônia Barros, Tânia Maria De Araújo, Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa and Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes
Additional contact information
Emanuel Missias Silva Palma: Psychology Course, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Anderson Reis de Sousa: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira: Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil
Wanderson Carneiro Moreira: College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
Ana Caroline Monteiro de Araújo: Psychology Course, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Luiz Filipe Vieira Souza: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Júlio Cézar Ramos dos Anjos: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Hannah Souza de Almeida Portela: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Herica Emilia Félix de Carvalho: Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
Vinícius de Oliveira Muniz: Nursing Course, Faculty Doctum, Serra 29168-064, ES, Brazil
Nilo Manoel Pereira Vieira Barreto: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Éric Santos Almeida: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Tilson Nunes Mota: Board of Health Surveillance, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Salvador 40130-160, BA, Brazil
Sélton Diniz dos Santos: Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil
Antônio Tiago da Silva Souza: Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaiba 64215-343, PI, Brazil
Josielson Costa da Silva: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim Almeida: Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (UCP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
Luciano Garcia Lourenção: School of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande 96201-900, RS, Brazil
Aline Macêdo de Queiroz: Faculty of Nursing, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
Edmar José Fortes Júnior: Medicine Course, Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP), Parnaiba 64215-343, PI, Brazil
Magno Conceição das Merces: Department of Life Sciences, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Salvador 41150-000, BA, Brazil
Shirley Verônica Melo Almeida Lima: Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Lagarto 49400-000, SE, Brazil
Francisca Michelle Duarte da Silva: Psychology Course, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tenologia do Maranhão (IFMA), Sao Luís 65068-669, MA, Brazil
Nadirlene Pereira Gomes: College of Nursing, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40231-300, BA, Brazil
Maria Lúcia Silva Servo: Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil
Evanilda Souza de Santana Carvalho: Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil
Sônia Barros: College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
Tânia Maria De Araújo: Health Department, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana 44001-970, BA, Brazil
Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de Oliveira: College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa: Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil
Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes: Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto 14040-902, SP, Brazil

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 13, 1-13

Abstract: The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% ( n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% ( n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men’s mental health.

Keywords: mental health; men’s health; compassion; psychological stress; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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