Improved Aerobic Capacity and Adipokine Profile Together with Weight Loss Improve Glycemic Control without Changes in Skeletal Muscle GLUT-4 Gene Expression in Middle-Aged Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Mika Venojärvi, Jaana Lindström, Sirkka Aunola, Pirjo Nuutila and Mustafa Atalay
Additional contact information
Mika Venojärvi: Institute of Biomedicine, Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
Jaana Lindström: Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
Sirkka Aunola: Functional Capacity Unit, Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 20740 Turku, Finland
Pirjo Nuutila: PET Centre, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
Mustafa Atalay: Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-18

Abstract: (1) Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of adipokines in the regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance in response to a long-term exercise and dietary intervention. (2) Methods: Skeletal muscle, plasma and serum samples were examined in 22 subjects from an exercise–diet intervention study aiming to prevent type 2 diabetes. The subjects were further divided into two subgroups (non-responders n = 9 and responders n = 13) based on their achievement in losing at least 3 kg. (3) Results: The two-year exercise–diet intervention reduced leptin levels and increased adiponectin levels in responders; the changes in leptin levels were significantly associated with changes in their weights (r = 0.662, p < 0.01). In responders, insulin sensitivity (Bennett and McAuley index) increased and was associated with changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak) (r = 0.831, p < 0.010 and r = 0.890, p < 0.01). In addition, the VO 2 peak and oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle improved in responders, but not in non-responders. However, there were no changes between the two groups in expressions of the glucose transporter protein-4 (GLUT-4) gene or of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α1 or AMPK-α2 proteins. (4) Conclusions: The exercise–diet intervention decreased serum leptin and increased serum adiponectin concentrations, improved glucose control without affecting GLUT-4 gene expression in the skeletal muscle in responders.

Keywords: aerobic capacity; glycemic control; impaired glucose tolerance; adipokines; physical activity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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