Re-Visiting Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Using Cross-Validation in Population Aged 7–55 Years

Jeong-Hui Park, Hyun Chul Jung, Yeon-Sung Jung, Jong-Kook Song and Jung-Min Lee
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Jeong-Hui Park: Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Hyun Chul Jung: Department of Coaching, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdae-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Yeon-Sung Jung: Center for Sports Science in Gyeonggi, 134 Jangan-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16312, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Jong-Kook Song: Divison of Sport Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdae-ro, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
Jung-Min Lee: Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-11

Abstract: The primary purpose of the present study was to re-visit HR max prediction by two commonly used equations (i.e., Fox′s and Tanaka′s equation) compared to the direct measured HR max using the large sample size of Asians. The second aim of the study was to focus on suggesting new equations for the Asian population by separating gender and specific age groups. A total of 672 participants aged from 7 to 55 years were recruited for the study (male: 280 and female: 392), and the maximal graded exercise test with Bruce protocol was used to measure HR max . All data obtained from the study were analyzed by SPSS 25.0. Additionally, three statistical analysis methods (i.e., Mean Absolute Percent Errors (MAPE), Bland–Altman plots, and equivalence testing) were utilized to confirm the consistency between the measured HR max and the two prediction equations. The main finding was that two equations showed significant differences in predicting the HR max of Korean aged from 7 to 55 years. The outcome of children aged from 7 to 14 was a different fit in the agreement compared to other age groups. Fox′s equation had the best fit in the average of the difference closer to zero and completely included within the equivalence zone, but females over 15 years old revealed higher errors than males in the values calculated by the two equations compared to the direct measured HR max . Consequently, the study demonstrated that both equations tended to overestimate the HR max for males and females over 15 years old, and the two universal equations were not suitable to predict the HR max of Koreans except for children aged from 7 to 14 years. The new HR max prediction equations suggested in this study will more accurately predict the HR max of Asians, and additional analyses should be examined the cross-validity of the developed HR max equation by age and gender in the future study.

Keywords: maximal heart rate; maximal heart rate prediction; graded exercise test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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