Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes with a History of Being an Extremely Preterm Small-for-Gestational-Age Infant without Early Adiposity Rebound

Nobuhiko Nagano, Chizuka Kaneko, Shoko Ohashi, Megumi Seya, Itsuro Takigawa, Ken Masunaga and Ichiro Morioka
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Nobuhiko Nagano: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Chizuka Kaneko: Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Showa General Hospital, Tokyo 187-8510, Japan
Shoko Ohashi: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Megumi Seya: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Itsuro Takigawa: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Ken Masunaga: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Ichiro Morioka: Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-7

Abstract: Adiposity rebound (AR), which is defined as a situation in which the body mass index (BMI) starts to increase after infancy, is a predictive marker of future development of type 2 diabetes. The patient was a 20-year-old male. He was born at 28 gestational weeks with a birthweight of 642 g (−3.20 standard deviation, small-for-gestational age [SGA]). AR during early childhood or obesity in later childhood was not observed. At the onset of type 2 diabetes (20 years of age), his BMI, body fat percentage, and body fat mass were within normal ranges (20.4, 18.4% and 10.8 kg, respectively). However, his muscle mass was 44.7 kg, with low muscle mass of the trunk and upper limbs, which was lower than the standard reference, indicating that myogenic insulin resistance was involved in the development of non-obese type 2 diabetes. This case report describes a patient with no presentation of AR and obesity during childhood, who was born extremely preterm SGA, developed non-obese type 2 diabetes with low muscle mass. We suggest that patients born extremely preterm SGA should be carefully observed for the development of type 2 diabetes, even if they did not have AR in early childhood or had not become obese.

Keywords: body composition; body mass index; insulin resistance; muscle mass; obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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