Capillary Blood Recovery Variables in Young Swimmers: An Observational Case Study

Robert Nowak, Konrad Rój, Andrzej Ciechanowicz, Klaudyna Lewandowska and Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
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Robert Nowak: Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza Str., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland
Konrad Rój: Student of ”Sports Diagnostics”, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Szczecin, 40b Piastów Al., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland
Andrzej Ciechanowicz: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Klaudyna Lewandowska: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72 Powstańców Wlkp. Al., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak: Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza Str., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-23

Abstract: Sport diagnostics is still in pursuit of the optimal combination of biochemical and hematological markers to assess training loads and the effectiveness of recovery. The biochemical and hematological markers selected for a panel should be specific to the sport and training program. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of selected biochemical and hematological variables in professional long-distance and sprint swimming. Twenty-seven participants aged 15–18 years took part in the study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and creatinine (Cr), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB) and iron concentrations were measured for 10 weeks and compared with the traditional sport diagnostic markers of creatine kinase (CK) activity and urea (U) concentration. Additionally, capillary blood morphology was analyzed. An effective panel should consist of measurements of CK and AST activities and urea, TB, DB and ferritin concentrations. These markers provide a good overview of athletes’ post-training effort changes, can help assess the effectiveness of their recovery regardless of sex or competitive distance and are affordable. Moreover, changes in ferritin concentration can indicate inflammation status and, when combined with iron concentration and blood morphology, can help to avoid iron deficiencies, anemia and adverse inflammatory states in swimmers.

Keywords: athletes; bilirubin; blood morphology; enzyme markers; ferritin (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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