Exposure to Traffic Density during Pregnancy and Birth Weight in a National Cohort, 2000–2017

Marcelle Virginia Canto, Mònica Guxens and Rebeca Ramis
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Marcelle Virginia Canto: Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja, 28003 Madrid, Spain
Mònica Guxens: Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
Rebeca Ramis: Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-14

Abstract: The variation on birth weight is associated with several outcomes early on in life and low birth weight (LBW) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. Some environmental exposures during pregnancy, such as particulate matters and other traffic-related pollutants can have a significant effect on pregnant women and fetuses. The aim of this study is to estimate the effect of exposure to traffic density during pregnancy over birth weight in Spain, from 2000–2017. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the information from Spain Birth Registry Statistics database. The traffic density was measured using the Annual average daily traffic. Multivariate linear regression models using birth weight and traffic density were performed, as well as a logistic regression model to estimated Odds ratios for LBW and GAM models to evaluate the non-linear effect. Our findings showed that increases in traffic density were associated with reduction of birth weight and increases of LBW risk. Moreover, exposure to high and very-high traffic-density during pregnancy were associated with reduction of birth weight and increase on LBW risk comparing with exposure to low number of cars trespassing the neighborhoods. The results of this study agree with previous literature and highlights the need of effective policies for reducing traffic density in residential neighborhoods of cities and towns.

Keywords: low birthweight; pregnancy; traffic-related air pollution; road congestion (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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