The UV Dose Used for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Sweden Inadequately Inactivates Enteric Virus with Double-Stranded Genomes

Fredy Saguti, Marianela Patzi Churqui, Inger Kjellberg, Hao Wang, Jakob Ottoson, Catherine Paul, Olof Bergstedt, Heléne Norder and Kristina Nyström
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Fredy Saguti: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
Marianela Patzi Churqui: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
Inger Kjellberg: Göteborgs Stad Kretslopp och Vatten, 424 23 Gothenburg, Sweden
Hao Wang: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
Jakob Ottoson: Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
Catherine Paul: Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
Olof Bergstedt: Göteborgs Stad Kretslopp och Vatten, 424 23 Gothenburg, Sweden
Heléne Norder: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
Kristina Nyström: Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-10

Abstract: Irradiation with ultraviolet light (UV) at 254 nm is effective in inactivating a wide range of human pathogens. In Sweden, a UV dose of 400 J/m 2 is often used for the treatment of drinking water. To investigate its effect on virus inactivation, enteric viruses with different genomic organizations were irradiated with three UV doses (400, 600, and 1000 J/m 2 ), after which their viability on cell cultures was examined. Adenovirus type 2 (double-stranded DNA), simian rotavirus 11 (double-stranded RNA), and echovirus 30 (single-stranded RNA) were suspended in tap water and pumped into a laboratory-scale Aquada 1 UV reactor. Echovirus 30 was reduced by 3.6-log 10 by a UV dose of 400 J/m 2 . Simian rotavirus 11 and adenovirus type 2 were more UV resistant with only 1-log 10 reduction at 400 J/m 2 and needed 600 J/m 2 for 2.9-log 10 and 3.1-log 10 reductions, respectively. There was no significant increase in the reduction of viral viability at higher UV doses, which may indicate the presence of UV-resistant viruses. These results show that higher UV doses than those usually used in Swedish drinking water treatment plants should be considered in combination with other barriers to disinfect the water when there is a risk of fecal contamination of the water.

Keywords: ultraviolet light; drinking water; enteric viruses; human adenovirus 2; rotavirus SA11; echovirus 30 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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