Does Globalization Cause Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Pakistan? A Promise to Enlighten the Value of Environmental Quality

Arif Ullah, Kashif Raza, Muhammad Nadeem, Usman Mehmood, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Mohamed F. Elnaggar, Ebenezer Agbozo and Salah Kamel
Additional contact information
Arif Ullah: Department of Economics, Divisions of Management & Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
Kashif Raza: UE Business School, Divisions of Management & Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Nadeem: Department of Economics, Divisions of Management & Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
Usman Mehmood: Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (National Centre of GIS and Space Applications), Centre for Remote Sensing, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
Ephraim Bonah Agyekum: Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
Mohamed F. Elnaggar: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
Ebenezer Agbozo: Department of Big Data Analytics and Methods of Video Analysis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of 10 Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
Salah Kamel: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-17

Abstract: Global environmental issues such as environmental degradation, climate change, and global warming have posed a threat to the global economy, including Pakistan. The primary source of these problems is greenhouse gas emissions. These emissions are the result of human activity. The objective of the study was to investigate the symmetric and asymmetric relationship between globalization and greenhouse gas emissions in Pakistan. The ARDL modern econometric techniques of the time series model were used. Firstly, the stationarity test favors the use of the ARDL model in this study. The BDS test result confirmed that the ARDL model has a non-linearity issue. As a result, the ARDL approach was used to test both the symmetric and asymmetric effect. The results of the asymmetric ARDL model are more robust and reliable than those of the symmetric ARDL model. According to the results of the symmetric ARDL, economic, social, and political globalization have a positive relationship with greenhouse gas emissions in both the short and long run. Furthermore, the long-run results of the asymmetric ARDL model show that positive and negative shocks of economic and political globalization have positive and negative shock effects on greenhouse gas emissions. In the long run, however, the positive shock of social globalization has a negative relationship with greenhouse gas emissions. According to the results of impulse response functions, economic globalization has a significantly more relationship with greenhouse gas emissions than social and political globalization. A policy should be developed that allows only the positive effects of globalization while prohibiting the negative effects of globalization.

Keywords: environmental degradation; globalization; greenhouse gas emissions; non-linear ARDL; Pakistan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8678/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8678/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8678-:d:864425

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().