Replacing Sedentary Time with Physically Active Behaviour Predicts Improved Body Composition and Metabolic Health Outcomes

Wendy J. O’Brien, Erica L. Rauff, Sarah P. Shultz, McLean Sloughter, Philip W. Fink, Bernhard Breier and Rozanne Kruger
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Wendy J. O’Brien: School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
Erica L. Rauff: Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
Sarah P. Shultz: School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
McLean Sloughter: Math Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
Philip W. Fink: School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
Bernhard Breier: School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
Rozanne Kruger: School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-12

Abstract: Background: Discretionary leisure time for health-promoting physical activity (PA) is limited. This study aimed to predict body composition and metabolic health marker changes from PA reallocation using isotemporal substitution analysis. Methods: Healthy New Zealand women ( n = 175; 16–45 y) with high BMI (≥25 kg/m 2 ) and high body fat percentage (≥30%) were divided into three groups by ethnicity (Māori n = 37, Pacific n = 54, and New Zealand European n = 84). PA, fat mass, lean mass, and metabolic health were assessed. Isotemporal substitution paradigms reallocated 30 min/day of sedentary behaviour to varying PA intensities. Results: Reallocating sedentary behaviour with moderate intensity, PA predicted Māori women would have improved body fat% (14.83%), android fat% (10.74%), and insulin levels (55.27%) while the model predicted Pacific women would have improved waist-to-hip (6.40%) and android-to-gynoid (19.48%) ratios. Replacing sedentary time with moderate-vigorous PA predicted Māori women to have improved BMI (15.33%), waist circumference (9.98%), body fat% (16.16%), android fat% (12.54%), gynoid fat% (10.04%), insulin (55.58%), and leptin (43.86%) levels; for Pacific women, improvement of waist-to-hip-ratio (5.30%) was predicted. Conclusions: Sedentary behaviour must be substituted with PA of at least moderate intensity to reap benefits. Māori women received the greatest benefits when reallocating PA. PA recommendations to improve health should reflect the needs and current activity levels of specific populations.

Keywords: physical activity; accelerometry; exercise; guidelines and recommendations; metabolic health; obesity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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