Risk Factors for Lung Cancer in the Province of Lecce: Results from the PROTOS Case–Control Study in Salento (Southern Italy)

Fabrizio Minichilli, Francesca Gorini, Giovanni De Filippis, Elisa Bustaffa, Anna Maria Raho, Anna Melcarne, Fabrizio Quarta, Giuseppe Maggiore, Adele Idolo, Francesca Serio, Tiziana Grassi, Francesco Bagordo, Idelberto Francesco Castorini, Giovanni Imbriani, Fabrizio Bianchi and Prisco Piscitelli
Additional contact information
Fabrizio Minichilli: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56123 Pisa, Italy
Francesca Gorini: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56123 Pisa, Italy
Giovanni De Filippis: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Elisa Bustaffa: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56123 Pisa, Italy
Anna Maria Raho: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Anna Melcarne: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Fabrizio Quarta: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Giuseppe Maggiore: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Adele Idolo: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Francesca Serio: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Tiziana Grassi: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Francesco Bagordo: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Idelberto Francesco Castorini: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Giovanni Imbriani: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Fabrizio Bianchi: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56123 Pisa, Italy
Prisco Piscitelli: Local Health Authority ASL Lecce, Via Miglietta 5, 73100 Lecce, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: In the province of Lecce (southern Italy), a higher incidence of lung cancer (LC) among men compared to regional and national data was reported. In a sub-area in the center of the province (cluster area), the incidence and mortality for LC was even higher. PROTOS is a case–control study aimed at investigating possible risk factors for LC in the province area. A total of 442 patients with LC and 1326 controls matched by sex and age living in the province of Lecce for at least 10 years were enrolled and georeferenced; they filled in a questionnaire with their personal information and exposures. For each risk factor, an Odds Ratio adjusted for all the other variables was calculated. The risk of LC increased with excessive use of alcohol in women, for those subjects with a family cancer history, for each increase in pack/year of cigarettes, for men more exposed considering the industrial district in the cluster area, and for those using pesticides in agriculture without wearing personal protective equipment. The higher incidence of adenocarcinoma in both sexes suggests that, in addition to cigarette smoking, concurrent exposures to other environmental, occupational, and life-style factors may play a role in increased cancer risk and should be more deeply explored.

Keywords: lung cancer; cigarette smoking; occupational exposure; environmental exposure; matched case–control study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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