New Targets and New Technologies in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review

Nicola Montemurro, Nelida Aliaga, Pablo Graff, Amanda Escribano and Jafeth Lizana
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Nicola Montemurro: Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Nelida Aliaga: Medicine Faculty, Austral University, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina
Pablo Graff: Functional Neurosurgery Program, Department of Neurosurgery, San Miguel Arcángel Hospital, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina
Amanda Escribano: Medicine Faculty, Austral University, Buenos Aires B1406, Argentina
Jafeth Lizana: Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima 07035, Peru

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-18

Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, whose main neuropathological finding is pars compacta degeneration due to the accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, and subsequent dopamine depletion. This leads to an increase in the activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the internal globus pallidus (GPi). Understanding functional anatomy is the key to understanding and developing new targets and new technologies that could potentially improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. Currently, the classical targets are insufficient to improve the entire wide spectrum of symptoms in PD (especially non-dopaminergic ones) and none are free of the side effects which are not only associated with the procedure, but with the targets themselves. The objective of this narrative review is to show new targets in DBS surgery as well as new technologies that are under study and have shown promising results to date. The aim is to give an overview of these new targets, as well as their limitations, and describe the current studies in this research field in order to review ongoing research that will probably become effective and routine treatments for PD in the near future.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; deep brain stimulation; new targets; subthalamic nucleus; functional neuroanatomy; new technologies; neurosurgery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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