The Impact of Mode of Birth on Childbirth-Related Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms beyond 6 Months Postpartum: An Integrative Review

Nicole Ginter, Lea Takács, Martine J. M. Boon, Corine J. M. Verhoeven, Hannah G. Dahlen and Lilian L. Peters
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Nicole Ginter: Department of General Practice & Elderly Medicine, Section Midwifery Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Lea Takács: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, 116 42 Prague, Czech Republic
Martine J. M. Boon: Department of General Practice & Elderly Medicine, Section Midwifery Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Corine J. M. Verhoeven: Department of Midwifery Science, AVAG, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Hannah G. Dahlen: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Lilian L. Peters: Department of General Practice & Elderly Medicine, Section Midwifery Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 14, 1-26

Abstract: (1) Background: A traumatic birth can lead to the development of childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms or disorder (CB-PTS/D). Literature has identified the risk factors for developing CB-PTS/D within the first six months postpartum thoroughly. However, the impact of mode of birth on CB-PTS/D beyond 6 months postpartum is scarcely studied. (2) Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in the databases PubMed, Embase and CINAHL and PRISMA guidelines were followed. Studies were included if they reported the impact of mode of birth on CB-PTS/D beyond 6 months postpartum. (3) Results: In total, 26 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies were included. In the quantitative studies the percentage of women with CB-PTS/D ranged from 0.7% to 42% (between six months and five years postpartum). Compared with vaginal birth, operative vaginal birth, and emergency caesarean section were associated with CB-PTS/D beyond 6 months postpartum. Qualitative studies revealed that some women were suffering from CB-PTS/D as long as 18 years after birth. (4) Conclusions: Long- term screening of women for PTSD in the postnatal period could be beneficial. More research is needed on models of care that help prevent CB-PTS/D, identifying women at risk and factors that maintain CB-PTS/D beyond 6 months postpartum.

Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder; mode of birth; childbirth; postpartum; mothers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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