Inhalation Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment of Metals in PM 2.5 Based on a Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry Model in the Smelting District of Northeast China

Siyu Sun, Na Zheng, Sujing Wang, Yunyang Li, Shengnan Hou, Qirui An, Changcheng Chen, Xiaoqian Li, Yining Ji and Pengyang Li
Additional contact information
Siyu Sun: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Na Zheng: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Sujing Wang: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Yunyang Li: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Shengnan Hou: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Qirui An: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Changcheng Chen: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Xiaoqian Li: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Yining Ji: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China
Pengyang Li: Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-16

Abstract: PM 2.5 can deposit and partially dissolve in the pulmonary region. In order to be consistent with the reality of the pulmonary region and avoid overestimating the inhalation human health risk, the bioaccessibility of PM 2.5 heavy metals and the deposition fraction (DF) urgently needs to be considered. This paper simulates the bioaccessibility of PM 2.5 heavy metals in acidic intracellular and neutral extracellular deposition environments by simulating lung fluid. The multipath particle dosimetry model was used to simulate DF of PM 2.5 . According to the exposure assessment method of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the inhalation exposure dose threshold was calculated, and the human health risk with different inhalation exposure doses was compared. The bioaccessibility of heavy metals is 12.1–36.2%. The total DF of PM 2.5 in adults was higher than that in children, and children were higher than adults in the pulmonary region, and gradually decreased with age. The inhalation exposure dose threshold is 0.04–14.2 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 for the non-carcinogenic exposure dose and 0.007–0.043 mg·kg −1 ·day −1 for the carcinogenic exposure dose. Cd and Pb in PM 2.5 in the study area have a non-carcinogenic risk to human health (hazard index < 1), and Cd has no or a potential carcinogenic risk to human health. A revised inhalation health risk assessment may avoid overestimation.

Keywords: bioaccessibility; deposition fraction; exposure assessment; PM 2.5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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