Prenylation Defects and Oxidative Stress Trigger the Main Consequences of Neuroinflammation Linked to Mevalonate Pathway Deregulation

Simona Pisanti, Erika Rimondi, Elena Pozza, Elisabetta Melloni, Enrico Zauli, Maurizio Bifulco, Rosanna Martinelli and Annalisa Marcuzzi
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Simona Pisanti: Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Erika Rimondi: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Elena Pozza: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Elisabetta Melloni: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Enrico Zauli: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Maurizio Bifulco: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
Rosanna Martinelli: Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ′Scuola Medica Salernitana′, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Annalisa Marcuzzi: Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-15

Abstract: The cholesterol biosynthesis represents a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular homeostasis. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids, and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Furthermore, some intermediates of this metabolic system perform biological activity in specific cellular compartments, such as isoprenoid molecules that can modulate different signal proteins through the prenylation process. The defects of prenylation represent one of the main causes that promote the activation of inflammation. In particular, this mechanism, in association with oxidative stress, induces a dysfunction of the mitochondrial activity. The purpose of this review is to describe the pleiotropic role of prenylation in neuroinflammation and to highlight the consequence of the defects of prenylation.

Keywords: prenylation; cholesterol; neuroinflammation; oxidative stress (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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