Association between Adequate Fruit and Vegetable Intake and CVDs-Associated Risk Factors among the Malaysian Adults: Findings from a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

Lay-Kim Tan, Geok-Pei Lim, Hui-Chin Koo, Muhd-Zulfadli-Hafiz Ismail, Yee-Mang Chan, Wahinuddin Sulaiman, Osman Ali, Chee-Cheong Kee and Mohd-Azahadi Omar
Additional contact information
Lay-Kim Tan: Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
Geok-Pei Lim: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
Hui-Chin Koo: Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
Muhd-Zulfadli-Hafiz Ismail: Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
Yee-Mang Chan: Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
Wahinuddin Sulaiman: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Osman Ali: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh 30450, Perak, Malaysia
Chee-Cheong Kee: Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohd-Azahadi Omar: Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, Office of NIH Manager, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-16

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adequate fruit and vegetable intake, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-associated risk factors (i.e., diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia) among Malaysian adults without history of chronic diseases. We analyzed the data from 11,172 Malaysian adults (i.e., 5554 male and 5618 female), who participated in the population-based National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine the relationship between adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables (i.e., ≥5 servings per day) and undiagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed hypertension, and undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle risk factors. The mean age (±SE) of these participants was 40.79 (±0.17) years old. Our data demonstrated an adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables was inversely associated with undiagnosed hypercholesterolemia (adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51–0.98). Further analyses demonstrated an inverse association between the adequate daily intake of vegetables alone and undiagnosed hypertension (adjusted OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.51–0.98). The findings from this study suggest the need for a holistic public health approach to reinforce public awareness about diet-related diseases, which will eventually aid in the prevention of CVDs among Malaysian adults in the long run.

Keywords: dietary practice; fruit and vegetable intake; diabetes; hypertension; hypercholesterolemia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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