Exploring the Associated Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Healthcare Shift Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Norsham Juliana, Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi, Nadia Effendy, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, Sahar Azmani, Nizam Baharom, Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff and Izuddin Fahmy Abu
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Norsham Juliana: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Nor Amira Syahira Mohd Azmi: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Nadia Effendy: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng: Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia
Sahar Azmani: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Nizam Baharom: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Aza Sherin Mohamad Yusuff: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
Izuddin Fahmy Abu: Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-14

Abstract: Background: The recent pandemic of COVID-19 has had a tremendous impact on healthcare frontliners. This study sought to assess healthcare shift workers’ depression, anxiety, and stress and its associated factors. Methods: The sampling frame includes healthcare shift workers directly managing COVID-19 cases around Klang Valley, Malaysia. The participants’ mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The associated factors specified in this study include sleep quality, physical activities, and eating habits. Pearson’s χ 2 and simple and multivariable binary logistic regression models were constructed following the Hosmer–Lemeshow approach to determine the potential associated factors. Results: A total of 413 participants were recruited. Overall, 40.7% of participants had one or more symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with all mental health outcomes of depression, anxiety, and stress. Inactivity was found to be strongly associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. At the same time, eating habits were strongly associated with anxiety and stress. Conclusions: Sleep quality, inactivity, and eating habits that were found to be associated with the mental health status of healthcare shift workers are modifiable factors that must be addressed to curb mental health issues among this group of workers.

Keywords: shift workers; psychosocial; physical activity; eating habits; COVID-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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