The Prevalence of Diabetes among Hypertensive Polish in Relation to Sex-Difference in Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Body Fat Percentage and Age

Anna Maria Bednarek, Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek, Anna Chudek, Agnieszka Almgren-Rachtan, Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis, Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz and Jerzy Chudek
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Anna Maria Bednarek: First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek: Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
Anna Chudek: Department of Pharmacovigilance, Europharma Rachtan Co., Ltd., 40-061 Katowice, Poland
Agnieszka Almgren-Rachtan: Department of Pharmacovigilance, Europharma Rachtan Co., Ltd., 40-061 Katowice, Poland
Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis: Laboratory for Geriatric Medicine, Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz: Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
Jerzy Chudek: Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-029 Katowice, Poland

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-13

Abstract: Background: Little is known about sex differences in the risk of type 2 diabetes (DM2) development related to body fat depot. The main aim of this study was to assess sex-specific differences in the prevalence of diabetes in the relation to body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and calculated body fat percentage (BF), adjusted by physical activity, in younger and older hypertensive adults. Subjects/Methods: The survey enrolled 12,289 adult hypertensive outpatients with body weight, height, and WC reported by their physicians across Poland. Prevalence of diabetes was plotted against body mass, BMI, WC, and calculated BF and adjusted by the self-reported level of physical activity. Results: In our cohort, younger women (<60 years) with BMI < 25.0 kg/m 2 had lower adjusted prevalence of diabetes than corresponding men (3.4% vs. 6.5%), while among older (≥60 years) with BMI < 25.0 kg/m 2 , the prevalence of diabetes was greater in women than in men (19.4% vs. 11.2%). A 25% probability of diabetes was observed for younger women with lower BMI than younger men (32.1 kg/m 2 and 35.3 kg/m 2 , respectively) and WC (100.7 cm and 116.1 cm, respectively) but greater BF (45.5% and 38.9%, respectively). The corresponding differences in BMI and WC in older ones were much smaller (27.6 kg/m 2 and 27.2 kg/m 2 , respectively; 83.7 cm and 85.6 cm, respectively), but not for BF (40.7% and 30.1%, respectively). A doubling of diabetes probability (from 25% to 50%), adjusted by physical activity, was attributable to the lower increase in BMI and WC and BF in women than in men (6.3 vs. 9.8 kg/m 2 , 25.0 vs. 36.1 cm, and 6.5 vs. 10.8%, for younger, and 8.1 vs. 11.3 kg/m 2 , 26.2 vs. 73.2 cm and 8.8 vs. 13.3%, for older). Conclusions: This study shows a lower probability of diabetes in younger women than younger men with normal weight BMI ranges, adjusted to physical activity. This probability is greater for hypertensive women, regardless of age, due to the increase in BMI/WC and BF values adjusted for physical activity.

Keywords: obesity; visceral obesity; epidemiology; sex-specific effect; physical activity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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