Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China—Young Children Potentially at a Health Risk

Florence Mhungu, Kuncai Chen, Yanyan Wang, Yufei Liu, Yuhua Zhang, Xinhong Pan, Yanfang Cheng, Yungang Liu and Weiwei Zhang
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Florence Mhungu: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
Kuncai Chen: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Yanyan Wang: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Yufei Liu: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Yuhua Zhang: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Xinhong Pan: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Yanfang Cheng: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Yungang Liu: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
Weiwei Zhang: Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-11

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) and its compounds are hazardous environmental pollutants with renal toxicity and human carcinogenicity, with ingestion of contaminated foods representing the major mode of exposure. There have been a number of reports evaluating the Cd content in various foods; however, regarding the actual risk posed by dietary cadmium exposure, only a few reports are available in which single point evaluation (less accurate than multiple point evaluation) was employed. In this study, we used a margin of exposure (MOE) model and @RISK software (for multiple evaluation) to evaluate Cd-related health risk in the local Guangzhou residents at varying ages, through a comparison between the estimated monthly exposures and the provisional tolerable monthly intake (0.025 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), based on the Cd contents in various food categories available locally (a total of 3964 food samples were collected from each of the 13 districts of Guangzhou between 2015 and 2019), which were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In this study, Cd was detected in 69.6% of the samples (averaged 0.120 mg/kg), and rice and its products, leafy vegetables, bivalves, and shrimp and crabs contributed most to Cd exposure (8.63, 3.18, 2.79, and 1.48 ng/kg b.w./day, respectively). The MOE values demonstrated the following tendency: the younger age group, the lower MOE, and its 95% confidence range for the (youngest) 3~6 year old group started from 0.92, indicating a health risk of young children, while that for the other age groups were all above 1.0. Our preliminary findings warrant further clarification using biomarker assays in the relevant population.

Keywords: cadmium; dietary exposure; @RISK; margin of exposure (MOE) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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