Content of Pb and Zn in Sediments and Hydrobionts as Ecological Markers for Pollution Assessment of Freshwater Objects in Bulgaria—A Review

Elica Valkova, Vasil Atanasov, Milena Tzanova, Stefka Atanassova, Ivaylo Sirakov, Katya Velichkova, Margarita H. Marinova and Kristian Yakimov
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Elica Valkova: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Vasil Atanasov: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Milena Tzanova: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Stefka Atanassova: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Ivaylo Sirakov: Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Katya Velichkova: Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Margarita H. Marinova: Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Kristian Yakimov: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Agriculture Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 15, 1-25

Abstract: The purpose of this review is to describe the contents of Pb and Zn in sediments and hydrobionts as ecological markers for the pollution assessment of freshwater objects in Bulgaria, and the data are compared with other countries and regions. Symmetry was found regarding the levels of Zn in the sediment of the Ovcharitsa and Zhrebchevo dams, which were twice the MAC for arable land (Regulation № 3 of Bulgarian legislation). Symmetry was also observed between the results for Zn and Pb in the studied sediments, and the “favorites” in terms of content were the samples from Zhrebchevo Dam and, especially, from Ovcharitsa Dam. Asymmetry was established in the accumulation of Zn in the livers of carps inhabiting Topolnitsa Dam in comparison with these in Ovcharitsa Dam. A similar asymmetry was observed for lead. The analysis of the muscles and livers of the studied fish showed an asymmetry in the accumulation of zinc, and this process was more intense in the liver. Symmetry was found in the accumulation of Pb in the liver and muscle tissues of the carp from the studied water bodies.

Keywords: pollution; lead; zinc; accumulation; fish; freshwater sites (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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