Risk Associations between Vehicular Traffic Noise Exposure and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Residential Retrospective Cohort Study

Elisa Bustaffa, Olivia Curzio, Gabriele Donzelli, Francesca Gorini, Nunzia Linzalone, Marco Redini, Fabrizio Bianchi and Fabrizio Minichilli ()
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Elisa Bustaffa: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Olivia Curzio: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Gabriele Donzelli: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Francesca Gorini: Unit of Epidemiology of Rare Diseases and Congenital Anomalies, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Nunzia Linzalone: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Biocomplexity Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Marco Redini: Municipality of Pisa, Via degli Uffizi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Fabrizio Bianchi: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Fabrizio Minichilli: Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 16, 1-19

Abstract: Environmental noise can induce detrimental health effects such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The relationship between vehicular traffic noise pollution and CVD was investigated through a retrospective residential cohort study in the city of Pisa. Four exposure classes were defined for noise pollution, using noise propagation maps. The association between noise exposures and cause-specific mortality or hospitalization of the subjects of the cohort was calculated using the hazard ratio (HR) for night and day through a multiple time-dependent and sex-specific Cox regression adjusting for age, the socio-economic deprivation index, and traffic air pollution. Mortality excess for CVD and risk trends for a 1 decibel noise increment were observed among the most exposed women (mortality: HRnight class4 1.15 (1.03–1.28); Trend night 1.007 (1.002–1.012); HRday class4 1.14 (1.02–1.27); Trend day 1.008 (1.003–1.013)), particularly for ischaemic disease (mortality: Trend night 1.008 (0.999–1.017); Trend day 1.009 (0.999–1.018)) and cerebrovascular disease (mortality: HRnight class3 1.23 (1.02–1.48), HRday class3 1.24 (1.03–1.49)). Hospitalization analyses confirm mortality results. A decreased risk for hospitalization was also observed among the most exposed men (HRday class4 0.94 (0.88–1.01), particularly for ischaemic disease (HRnight class4 0.90 (0.80–1.02); HRday class4 0.86 (0.77–0.97)) and cerebrovascular disease (HRnight class4 0.89 (0.78–1.01)). Authors recommend the adoption of prevention measures aimed at mitigating noise and the activation of a monitoring of the risk profile in the Pisa population updating both the residential cohort and health data.

Keywords: vehicular traffic noise exposure; residential cohort study; cardiovascular diseases; mortality; morbidity; hazard ratio (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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