Evaluation of Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Campaign on Disease Knowledge, Practices and Medication Adherence for Type-2 Diabetic Patients: A Prospective Pre- and Post-Analysis

Yusra Habib Khan (), Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea, Nasser Hadal Alotaibi, Ahmed D. Alatawi, Aisha Khokhar, Abdullah Salah Alanazi, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Asrar A. Alshehri, Sameer Alshehri, Yasser Alatawi and Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi ()
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Yusra Habib Khan: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz Ibrahim Alzarea: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Nasser Hadal Alotaibi: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed D. Alatawi: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Aisha Khokhar: Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Abdullah Salah Alanazi: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Hammad Butt: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Asrar A. Alshehri: Infection Control Department, Alameen Hospital, Taif 26511, Saudi Arabia
Sameer Alshehri: Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Yasser Alatawi: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 16, 1-12

Abstract: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern with an alarming global growth rate. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Saudi Arabia ranks seventh in the world and second in the Middle East for the largest estimated burden of diabetic cases. Evidence shows that pharmacist-led care programs can be beneficial for the effective treatment of diabetes mellitus. Current study was aimed to evaluate the impact of Pharmacist-Based Diabetic Intervention (PDIM) for Type 2 Diabetes patients on knowledge of the disease, adherence to medications and self-care practices during the first wave of COVID-19. A multi-arm pre-post study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients from April to October 2021 in Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. Patients were randomly divided into an intervention and a control group. The intervention group received the PDIM, whereas the control group only received the usual care. The pharmacist-based diabetes intervention model consisted of a diabetic educational module and medication improvement strategies. Furthermore, the intervention group also received specific telepharmacy services (calls, messages or emails) to address their medication-related problems, inquire about medication adherence and follow-up. At the end of six months, disease knowledge, self-care practices, and medication adherence score were analyzed. Furthermore, HbA1c and lipid profile were also compared. A total of 109 patients were included in the study. A significant difference was observed in the knowledge score between the intervention and control group (16.89 ± 2.01 versus 15.24 ± 2.03, p -value < 0.001). Similarly, self-care practices also improved in the intervention group as compared to the control group (4.39 ± 1.10 versus 3.16 ± 0.97, p -value < 0.001). Furthermore, the medication adherence and HbA1c significantly improved during between the group analysis ( p < 0.05). Our study demonstrates that pharmacist-based diabetes intervention model is effective in improving patients’ knowledge of diabetes, self-care practices, medication adherence and glycemic control.

Keywords: T2DM; pharmacist; intervention; COVID-19; knowledge; practices; medication adherence; pre-post analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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