Content Validity of a Scale Designed to Measure the Access of Older Adults to Outpatient Health Services

Gerardo Santoyo-Sánchez, César Merino-Soto, Sergio Flores-Hernández, Blanca Estela Pelcastre-Villafuerte and Hortensia Reyes-Morales ()
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Gerardo Santoyo-Sánchez: School of Public Health of Mexico, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
César Merino-Soto: Psychology Research Institute, San Martin de Porres University, Avenue Tomás Marsano 232, Lima 34, Peru
Sergio Flores-Hernández: Center for Evaluation and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
Blanca Estela Pelcastre-Villafuerte: Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico
Hortensia Reyes-Morales: Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Avenida Universidad 655, Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 16, 1-16

Abstract: The objective of this work was to validate the content of a scale formulated in Spanish for older adults in Mexico, with the aim of comprehensively measuring the access of this population group to outpatient primary-care services. To this end, we carried out a methodological content-validity study in four stages: (1) construction of the scale; (2) evaluation of item legibility; (3) quantitative content evaluation by two groups of judges selected by convenience: participant-judges including older adults with adequate reading comprehension, surveyed in person ( n = 23), and expert-judges comprised of researchers specialized in the fields of health services, psychometrics and aging, surveyed online ( n = 7); and (4) collection of qualitative feedback from several of the participant-judges (older adults, n = 4). The content was validated both by sequentially examining the level of consensus in the responses of both groups of judges, using the Tastle and Wierman method, and by calculating Aiken’s Validity Coefficient with a 90% confidence interval. The scale contained 65 items pertaining to 10 dimensions of two major constructs: accessibility ( n = 39) and personal abilities ( n = 26). Five items were eliminated in accordance with the minimum-consensus criterion (0.5). This is the first psychometric scale to be developed in Mexico with the view of integrating the characteristics of health-care services and the abilities of the older adults in a single questionnaire designed to measure the access of this population group to outpatient primary-care services.

Keywords: access to care; older adults; outpatient health services; primary health care; validation study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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