Trauma Recovery Rubric: A Mixed-Method Analysis of Trauma Recovery Pathways in Four Countries

Kleio Koutra (), Courtney Burns, Laura Sinko, Sachiko Kita, Hülya Bilgin and Denise Saint Arnault
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Kleio Koutra: Social Work Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71401 Crete, Greece
Courtney Burns: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Laura Sinko: Department of Nursing, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
Sachiko Kita: Department of Family Nursing, Division of Health Science and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130003, Japan
Hülya Bilgin: Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34381, Turkey
Denise Saint Arnault: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 16, 1-17

Abstract: Research is beginning to examine gender-based violence (GBV) survivors’ recovery, but little is known about diverse recovery trajectories or their relationships with other distress and recovery variables. This interdisciplinary, international multisite mixed-method study developed and used the TRR to identify and classify survivors’ trauma pathways. This study describes the phases of the initial development of the preliminary TRR (Phase 1), refines and calibrates the TRR (Phase 2), and then integrates the TRR into quantitative data from four countries (Phase 3). Seven recovery pathways with six domains emerged: normalizing, minimizing, consumed/trapped; shutdown or frozen, surviving, seeking and fighting for integration; finding integration/equanimity. Depression scores were related to most recovery domains, and TRR scores had large effect sizes. At the same time, PTSD was not statistically related to TRR scores, but TRR had a medium effect size. Our study found that the TRR can be implemented in diverse cultural settings and promises a reliable cross-cultural tool. The TRR is a survivor-centered, trauma-informed way to understand different survivorship pathways and how different pathways impact health outcomes. Overall, this rubric provides a foundation for future study on differences in survivor healing and the drivers of these differences. This tool can potentially improve survivor care delivery and our understanding of how to meet best the needs of the survivor populations we intend to serve.

Keywords: trauma; recovery; rubric; mixed method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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