Association of a Healthy Lifestyle with All-Cause, Cause-Specific Mortality and Incident Cancer among Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank

E Wu, Jun-Tao Ni, Zhao-Hui Zhu, Hong-Quan Xu, Lin Tao and Tian Xie ()
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E Wu: School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
Jun-Tao Ni: Women’s Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
Zhao-Hui Zhu: School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
Hong-Quan Xu: School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
Lin Tao: School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
Tian Xie: School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China

IJERPH, 2022, vol. 19, issue 16, 1-16

Abstract: This study investigated the association between a healthy lifestyle with all-cause, cause-specific mortality, and cancer incidence among individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Healthy lifestyle scores were created based on MetS management guidelines, including never/quitting smoking, moderate drinking, good sleep, healthy diet, sufficient exercise, social support, and less sedentary behaviour. Weighted healthy lifestyle scores were further constructed and classified into three groups: unfavourable (lowest quintile), intermediate (quintiles 2–4), and favourable (highest quintile) lifestyles. We included 87,342 MetS participants from the UK Biobank. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. During a median follow-up of 12.54 years, 6739 deaths were reported; during a median follow-up of 10.69 years, 10,802 new cancer cases were documented. We found a favourable lifestyle was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.53–0.62), cause-specific mortality from respiratory disease, cancer, digestive disease, cardiovascular disease (HR < 1; p -trend < 0.001), and overall cancer incidence (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79–0.90). Our results indicate that adherence to healthy lifestyles is associated with lower overall cancer incidence and all-cause mortality risk among MetS individuals. However, causality cannot be made due to the nature of observational studies.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome (MetS); UK biobank; cancer incidence; healthy lifestyle; all-cause mortality; cause-specific mortality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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